Parque Pumalín, Chile, 10/11/2017, National Geographic Explorer
Aboard the
National Geographic Explorer
Patagonia
Early this morning, the National Geographic Explorer made her way into a long narrow fjord, deep into the coastal mountains of Chile. As the light came up we could see that we were surrounded by beautiful snow covered peaks and, wonder of wonders in a temperate rainforest, bright sunshine and blue skies. Our destination was Parque Pumalín, one of the beautiful reserves created by the American conservationist, Douglas Thompkins.
David has worked for Lindblad Expeditions-National Geographic since 1993 on six continents and in over 65 countries. David is interested in many of the natural sciences, particularly ornithology, geology and marine biology; he most enjoys contrasting...
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Waking in the protected harbor of San Juan de Salvamento, we began our operations for the day in true Patagonia weather: a bit cloudy with strong winds. We took our Zodiacs to the landing to visit the “Lighthouse at the End of the World.” After a winding hike through low southern beech trees, we crested the top and were treated to a view of the cliffs below and an ever-present fog hanging just above our heads. After lunch, we sailed back to pick up a few researchers we had dropped off in Isla de los Estados a few days prior. The conditions looked favorable, so we were able to make a short Zodiac cruise to see steep cliffs with nesting rockhopper penguins.
Franklin Bay, our first stop in the morning, proved to be too much for us to make a landing. Winds gusting to 50 knots are regular in these latitudes and we had to go to plan B. Cánepa Bay proved to be well-protected from the “furious fifties” and we explored this magnificent fjord system for several hours. In the afternoon our plans to visit another location were interrupted by a group of killer whales that was prowling the rocky coasts where several hundred South American fur seals were resting, afraid of getting into the water. After an hour of quiet observation, the whales finally decided to catch one of the seals, right under our bow! The day ended on the sheltered waters of Puerto Cook, our intended destination for tomorrow morning.
The road signs in Ushuaia proudly declared the town to be the southernmost in the world: Fin del Mundo . Chileans may choose to disagree but this lively township (at least in the summer season) on the Beagle Channel has an interesting history. When Captain FitzRoy of HMS Beagle surveyed this passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific to the south of Tierra del Fuego, he had captured some members of the native population to take back to England between voyages. Jemmy Button, York Minster, Fuegia Basket, and Boat Memory were dressed in contemporary English costumes, taught English table manners, and even presented to the royal family before being returned to Tierra del Fuego in the company of Charles Darwin on the voyage that departed from Plymouth in 1831. (Boat Memory sadly died while in England, as a consequence of a well-intentioned smallpox inoculation.) What ensued was a fascinating case study in the relative strengths of nature versus nurture, with the released Fuegians (as FitzRoy called them) quickly reverting to their former habits, an occurrence noted with horror by Darwin. A place at “the uttermost ends of the earth” was of particular interest to Protestant missionaries anxious to help the eschatological process along by preaching the gospel to the local inhabitants in their native tongue to hasten the Second Coming. A Patagonian Missionary Society had been established for this purpose and it was as a result of this organization’s activities that Thomas Bridges and his wife opened the mission school around which the settlement of Ushuaia grew up. Thomas Bridges came to appreciate the sophistication of the native people through his mastery of their language and worked for a decade through the 1870s to compile a Yahgan-English dictionary even as the native population was decimated by European-introduced diseases and later by deliberate genocide. Ironically, the missionaries had saved the language through Bridges’s dictionary but destroyed the cultural group that had spoken it. In the century from 1832 to 1932, the native population of Tierra del Fuego fell from 3,000 souls to just 43. Further to the south, a veritable “uttermost end,” lies Cape Horn, a name feared and respected by generations of sailors and Cape Horners themselves. The sea captains who regularly took ships around this perilous island at the southernmost tip of South America were the elite of their profession. The Cape is on the island of Hoorn, named after a 17th-century Dutch vessel which carried early Dutch adventurers to this southernmost destination but foundered at Puerto Deseado on the Argentine Patagonian coast. The black cliffs of the southern cape rise 424 metres from sea level. In perfect and uncharacteristically normal weather conditions, we were able to make an early morning landing and visit the still-manned lighthouse, the Albatross Monument, and memorials to Captain FitzRoy, who came here on his first Beagle voyage, and the Cape Horners. We may now count ourselves amongst their number.
